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Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MENINGOENCEPHALIC TUBERCULOSIS IN BRAZIL: 2011-2021

Resumo

INTRODUCTION: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) are registered every year in the world. Main risk factors for the development of extrapulmonary forms. In Brazil, in 2020, approximately 69,000 new cases and 4,500 deaths from the disease were reported. ¹ Tuberculous meningitis or meningoencephalic tuberculosis (MT) is a type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that develops in the nervous system, due to the dissemination of M. tuberculosis in the subarachnoid space, being the most severe form of the disease.² OBJECTIVE: characterizing the epidemiological profile of cases of Meningocephalic Tuberculosis reported in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. METHODS: this is an analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative observational study developed from information obtained from the records of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2021, there were 9,221 confirmed cases of MD in Brazil, the peak being in 2018. More cases were recorded in the state of São Paulo with 2,544 notifications (27.56%), followed by Rio Grande do Sul (12 .5%) and Pernambuco (7.27%). Roraima was the only state to register no cases in the last 11 years. The most affected age group was from 20 to 39 years old (4,023/43.62%), children under five had an incidence of only 1.91%, with 177 registered cases. Regarding gender, there was a higher frequency in males. 248 had other forms of extrapulmonary TB, mainly the pleural (64/25.8%) and miliary (50/2.16%) forms. 4,735 (51.35%) of the reported patients had HIV/AIDS co-infection at the time of diagnosis. 36.13% evolved with cure, 9.45% with abandonment and 9.22% with death. CONCLUSION: it was observed that approximately half of the cases are concentrated in the states of São Paulo, Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco; Meningoencephalic Tuberculosis is more common in males, among young adults and that the incidence in children under 5 years of age has decreased, possibly in response to good coverage of BCG vaccination at birth. There was a very significant reduction in deaths compared to the previous century.

Palavras Chave

Meningeal Tuberculosis, BCG Vaccine, Infectious Disease Medicine.