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Título

ADVERSE REACTIONS TO COVID-19 VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH DEMYELINATING DISEASES

Resumo

Introduction: Vaccine efficacy is heterogeneous and can be modified by multiple external factors; it is noteworthy that, although vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy or effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations and deaths, all of them have some adverse event. Objectives: To analyze the occurrence of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in patients with demyelinating diseases. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out by reviewing the medical records of 115 patients, selected in a non-probabilistic manner and for convenience, with demyelinating diseases at the Multiple Sclerosis Reference Center of the State of Paraíba, using the variables sex, age, diagnosis, COVID-19 vaccination, and adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination. Results: Among the 115 medical records analyzed, there was a predominance of females (70.43%), in addition, a distribution of 101 (87.82%) patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and 14 (12.12%) with Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO). In categorization by age group, 3% belonged to the age group under 16 years old, 9% from 16 to 25 years old, 34% from 26 to 35 years old, 31% from 36 to 45 years old; 10% from 46 to 55 years old; 10% from 56 to 65 years old and 3% from those over 65 years old. Regarding the vaccination of COVID-19, 100% performed the first dose, 99% the second dose and 74% the third dose. Regarding vaccine reactions, reactions were reported in 49% of patients, with 36% reporting body pain, 30% pain at the injection site, 16% fever, 16% headache, 11% chills, 9% worsening of MS symptoms, 5% fatigue, 4% nausea, 2% vomiting and diarrhea. Among the patients who had vaccine reactions, 11% had NMO and 89% had MS. Conclusion: The effectiveness of vaccination varies according to the vaccine applied, and may present vaccine reactions, despite being extremely effective in preventing deaths resulting from infection by SARS-CoV-2. We can observe that no patient had serious adverse reactions. Thus, vaccination against Sars-COV 2 is extremely important, since the benefits will be greater than the harm, as observed in the study.

Palavras Chave

COVID-19. VACCINES. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA. DEMYELINATING DISEASES