Dados do Trabalho

Título

Role of the nervous system in the development of language and communication

Resumo

Introduction: Language is essential for communication between human beings, being responsible for the transmission of sounds, symbols, gestures and words. Several organs and systems work together in the development of speech, writing and body expression, such as the visual and auditory system, cerebral cortex. Objective: To understand the mechanism of action of the nervous system in language development. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive study, through a bibliographic review, carried out through books and scientific articles published between 2018 and 2022 available on the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Science platforms. da Saúde (LILACS) available in full in Portuguese, English and Spanish versions. The keyword “neurophysiology” was used. 34 results were found, of which 5 works were selected to compose the bibliographic review. Results: Studies show that language and communication skills are the result of the combination of the performance of specific areas in the cerebral cortex: Broca's, Wernicke's, angular gyrus and part of the motor cortex. Broca's area, located close to the lateral sulcus, is responsible for the articulation and motor coordination of the pronunciation of words. Wernicke's area, located in the temporal lobe, provides understanding and meaning for the language used in communication, as does the area of ​​the angular gyrus, which makes language intelligible through reading. In addition, there is also the participation of the motor cortex - which is divided into primary, pre-motor and supplementary areas, which enables speech vocalization and dominant body expression in non-verbal language. These areas work in complex neural networks together with sensory and memory information for the execution of the different types of language used in communication and send the information to the skeletal muscles, mainly through the corticospinal tract and the innervation from the brainstem. Conclusion: The neural circuitry involving the cerebral cortex and the conduction pathways make it possible to maintain the high complexity of the patterns of the skills in question, and the involvement of lesions in these places interferes with the quality of communication.

Palavras Chave

language neurophysiology, language mechanism of action, nervous system and language