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Título

THE COMPLICATIONS OF PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN STROKE UNIT CARE OF THE HOSPITAL IN PERNAMBUCO

Resumo

Introduction: Stroke is a condition characterized by reduced or absent blood flow to a certain area of ​​the brain. According to its etiology, it can be classified as ischemic, when caused by the occlusion of an intracranial or extracranial artery. Stroke can also be classified as hemorrhagic, when caused by the rupture of intracranial vessels due to conditions such as arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms.²
Among the types of stroke, the one with the highest incidence is ischemic, which globally reached the mark of 7.2 million cases in 2019, which represented 62% of the total. In second place is intracranial hemorrhage responsible for 3.4 million cases of stroke or 28% of the total, followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage with 1.2 million cases in 2019 and approximately 10% of the total.¹
Despite the severity of the disease, there have been many advances in the matter of treatment, especially for ischemic stroke, for which, in eligible patients, intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy can be performed.¹
Objective: To describe the complications of patients from the stroke unit care of “Hospital da Restauração” in the months of April and May 2022, based on the service quality indicator questionnaires.
Methodology: An observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out on patients admitted to the stroke unit care of Hospital da Restauração in Pernambuco in the months of April and March 2022.
Results: The study observed that of the 66 patients who were hospitalized during the period, 4 had pressure ulcers with lesion stages ranging from 2 to 3. In addition, 15 patients used antibiotics to treat infection in the period, with most used antibiotics ceftriaxone, which was used in 6 cases and clindamycin, used in 2 cases. Finally, another complication identified was the use of nutritional devices (11 cases), mainly a nasoenteral tube, which was used by 9 patients, and a urinary catheter (1 patient).
Conclusion: The study showed that approximately ¼ of the patients had some complication post stroke. Some measures can be taken to avoid them, for example, the follow-up with speech therapists, aiming to reduce the use of nasoenteral tube, use of protocols to avoid bronchoaspiration, reducing the use of antibiotics and change of decubitus to avoid pressure ulcers.
References:world-stroke.org/assets/WSO_Global_Stroke_Fact_Sheet (1)
https://n.neurology.org/content/97/20_Supplement_2/S6 (2)