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Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MENINGOENCEPHALIC TUBERCULOSIS IN BRAZIL: 2011 - 2021

Resumo

INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) are recorded worldwide every year, being it the infectious disease that kills the most young people and adults, surpassing HIV/AIDS, witch is one of the main risk factors for developing extrapulmonary TB forms. In Brazil, there were approximately 69,000 new cases and 4,500 deaths of the disease in 2020¹. Tuberculous meningitis or meningoencephalic tuberculosis (MT) is a type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that develops in the nervous system due to the dissemination of M. tuberculosis in the subarachnoid space, being the worst form of the disease². OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiological profile of Meningocephalic Tuberculosis cases notified in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. METHODS: This is a quantitative observational study of the analytical cross-sectional and retrospective type developed from information obtained from the records of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). RESULTS: Between 2011 and In 2021, there were 9,221 confirmed cases of MT in Brazil, the peak being in 2018. More cases were recorded in the state of São Paulo with 2,544 notifications (27.56%), followed by Rio Grande do Sul (12.5%) and Pernambuco (7.27%). Roraima was the only state that did not register any cases in the last 11 years. The most affected age group was between 20 and 39 years old (4,023/43.62%), under five years old kids presented an incidence of only 1.91% with 177 registered cases. About genders, there was a higher frequency in males. 248 expressed other extrapulmonary forms of TB, mainly being the pleural (64/25.8%) and miliary forms (50/2.16%). 4,735 (51.35%) of the reported patients had HIV/AIDS co-infection at the time of diagnosis. 36.13% evolved with cure, 9.45% left the treatment and 9.22% died. CONCLUSION: Finally, it was observed that the Meningoencephalic tuberculosis is more common in males, among adults and young people, and that the incidence in children under 5 years old has decreased, probably in response to good coverage of BCG vaccination at birth. There was a significant reduction in the number of deaths in relation to the previous century, but it was not possible to find data in SINAN of the frequency of sequelae, which limits the analysis of the clinical outcome of the cases.

Palavras Chave

Meningeal Tuberculosis, BCG Vaccine, Infectious Disease Medicine