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Título

GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME AFTER COVID-19 VACCINE: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

RESUMO

We report the case of a male patient, 50 years old, who started an acute condition of sensory and motor loss of progressive ascending evolution, associated with low back pain, global areflexia, evolving with peripheral facial palsy on the right side, 10 days after the administration of the first dose of the AstraZeneca laboratory vaccine against COVID-19. The patient had no infections or other vaccinations prior to the neurological condition. Clinical examination and complementary investigation findings, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and electroneuromyography (ENMG), were consistent with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). GBS is an acquired acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that commonly occurs after respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infections, immunizations or surgical interventions, which precede neurological symptoms by 5 days to 4 weeks. Its etiology is not fully understood, but there is evidence that it is mediated by autoimmune mechanisms with self-tolerance suppression by molecular mimicry. The symptoms of this syndrome are wide-ranging, present in a wide variety of ways, and its diagnosis is made based on clinical suspicion, associated with neurophysiological confirmation and CSF examination. Treatment consists of immunotherapy with immunoglobulin or plasma exchange, supportive care and associated clinical complications. The case reported and the literature review show that there is a correlation between vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 and the occurrence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.