Dados do Trabalho

Título

Epidemiological profile of neonates born with congenital hydrocephalus in Brazil: analysis of a decade.

Resumo

Congenital hydrocephalus(CH) is the condition in which there's an abnormal build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles or the subarachnoid space, resulting in possible impairment of both physical and mental development of children born with it. This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of newborns with congenital hydrocephalus (ICD-10 Q03) in Brazil from 2011 to 2020. Data from the Brazil Live Birth Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos/SINASC) were used. This study descriptively evidenced the prevalence of congenital hydrocephalus, gender distribution of cases, type of delivery, weight, and asphyxia scores in the first and fifth minutes of life in the period from 2011 to 2020. Prevalence analysis also included the assessment of annual percent change in the period. In parallel, independent T-tests were used to compare the group of neonates with CH and those born alive without the condition. In the period from 2011 to 2020, a prevalence of 26,52 cases per 100.000 births (7699 births with CH) was observed, with its peak incidence occurring in the year 2011 with 32,2 per 100.000 births. The Average Annual Percent Change was -3,6%, with a decrease of 18% in prevalence from 2011 to 2020. Approximately 54% of the newborns with congenital hydrocephalus were male and 88,5% were born from cesarean delivery. 74,4% of the neonates with CH presented more than 2500g at birth, while 6,7% of them presented less than 1500g. Regarding asphyxia scores, only 29% of newborns with CH presented moderate to severe asphyxia (APGAR score 0-4) at 1 minute, and 11% at five minutes from birth. In the comparison between the CH group and the neonates without the condition, the first ones presented with higher rates of moderate to severe asphyxia at both 1 minute ( p < 0,001; 95% CI 25,2-28,2%) and 5 minutes (p < 0,001; 95% CI 9,5-11,9%), of cesarean delivery (p < 0,001; 95% CI 32,7-35,1%) and of very low weight at birth (p < 0,001; 4,5-6%). It was also observed that the group of newborns with CH had a higher male-to-female ratio compared to the general population (p < 0,001; 95% CI 7,4-17,6%). In conclusion, this study presented the profile of congenital hydrocephalus in Brazil over the last ten years, showing a reduction in the prevalence of the disease, along with the characteristics of the newborns affected. The comparative analysis also showed that CH neonates are more likely to present with indicators of poor prognosis.

Palavras Chave

Congenital hydrocephalus; Epidemiology; Neurology