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Título

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE PRENATAL AND THE OCCURRENCE OF ANOMALIES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE PERIOD OF 20 YEARS

Resumo

INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies are the fourth leading cause of neonatal death and 21% of these malformations are related to the nervous system. In this scenario, despite all advances in obstetrics and improvements in prenatal care for pregnant women, the prevention of mortality in neonates due to defects in the neurological tract remains a challenge to be overcome.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the proper performance of prenatal care, correlated to the occurrence of deaths from neurological defects in neonates in Brazil from 1999 to 2019.

METHODOLOGY: Descriptive analysis, obtained from the DATASUS platform, of the frequency of prenatal care, the frequency of births with congenital anomalies and how many of these disorders are related to defects in the nervous system and mortality rate in children under 1 year old due to neurological diseases.

RESULTS: From 1999 to 2019, in Brazil, 702 neonates died due to defects in the nervous system and 3,443,087 women did not perform prenatal care or did it inappropriately. In addition, 30,734 children, whose mother didn’t perform prenatal care, or it was performed inappropriately, were born with a certain congenital anomaly, which represents 21% more than those who had congenital disorders, but prenatal care was being performed. Furthermore, of a total of 170,392 cases of births with anomalies, 32% were characterized by neurological defects.

CONCLUSION: It is possible to correlate the inadequate performance of prenatal and the occurrence of congenital defects, such as disorders in the nervous system, because, with the medical attendance, the pregnant woman can be treated for a certain pathologies and can be orientated to have some precautions, such as administrate folate (vitamin B9), which prevents neural tube malformations. This guidance is essential to avoid harmful consequences to the fetus and to prevent the occurrence of premature birth, which can impair the maturational processes of the brain, leading to anatomical changes, functional deficits, that can perpetuate into adolescence and adulthood, or death. In addition, in case the fetus is already with the disturb, the prenatal allows to early diagnosis and treat the condition, increasing the survival percentage. In resume, performing prenatal care correctly, is essential for the prevention or the successful treatment of defects in the nervous system in neonates and for the reduction of mortality in children under 1 year old.

Palavras Chave

Prenatal, Congenital anomalies, Neural tube defects.