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Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF STROKE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN BRAZIL BETWEEN 2012 AND 2021

Resumo

Introduction: Stroke among pediatric patients is a rare event, but when it occurs it is severe and has the potential to leave sequelae that compromise neuropsychomotor development, leading to low schooling, reduced life expectancy, incapacity to work and burdening the health and social security systems. Still, the rarity of this event can make it difficult to suspect of, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of stroke in children aged 0 to 19 years in Brazil. Methods: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out with data from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH/SUS – DATASUS) from the years 2012 to 2021 considering the number of hospitalizations due to stroke in Brazil according to place of residence. The variables analyzed were sex, race, mortality rate and year of hospitalization. Data analysis was performed using the software Microsoft Office Excel® 2016. Results: Based on the data collected, there was a total of 7031 hospitalizations due to childhood and adolescent stroke in Brazil between 2012 and 2021, with São Paulo being the state with the most hospitalizations (19.69%), followed by Minas Gerais (11%), Bahia (8.6%) and Pernambuco (8.5%). Among the states with fewer hospitalizations are Sergipe (0.73%) and Ceará (3.88%). The epidemiological profile of hospitalizations nationally was composed, above all, by females (50.23%), brown people (36.90%), without identification (31.67%) and white people (25.44%). In the temporal analysis of the last decade, the year with the most hospitalizations was 2014 with 731 hospitalizations and the year with the fewest hospitalizations was 2020 with 637 hospitalizations. The national mortality rate was 8.03%, with the states with the highest mortality rate being Sergipe (21.15%), Ceará (17.39%) and Tocantins (15.38%), while in São Paulo the mortality rate was 4.59%; 7.06% in Minas Gerais; 10.42% in Bahia and 8.51% in Pernambuco. Discussion and conclusion: The mortality rate was higher in states with few hospitalizations, as in the case of Ceará and Sergipe, suggesting disparities in access to health services, especially the high-complexity services responsible for handling these cases, which when associated with the limitations of therapeutic approaches for stroke within this age group points to the need for further studies to expand management of stroke in children and adolescents.

Palavras Chave

Stroke; Epidemiology