Dados do Trabalho

Título

EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS: SYMPTOM OF NARCOLEPSY AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Resumo

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is defined as the difficulty in staying awake and alert during the main wakefulness shift. It is characterized by sudden attacks of sleep, even though there is an attempt to stay awake, and is related to the main symptoms of narcolepsy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Narcolepsy is a neurological disease of genetic, autoimmune origin and consists of five main symptoms: EDS, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnotic hallucinations and disturbed night sleep. In contrast, OSA is a narrowing of the upper airways that can result in poor ventilation during sleep, and is characterized by EDS, nocturnal snoring, and nocturnal awakenings with interruption of breathing. Objective: To systematically analyze how excessive daytime sleepiness is a fundamental symptom for both diseases and demonstrate the importance of an effective diagnosis in the treatment of these pathologies. Methodology: This is a systematic literature review based on data extraction in indexes such as PUBMED and MEDLINE. Publications between 2018 and 2022 were considered, in English and with the following descriptors: Excessive daytime sleepiness, Narcolepsy, Obstructive sleep apnea. Results: EDS can be found in patients who have both pathologies or who have only one of them, for this reason, adequate clinical characterization is the starting point for determining the diagnosis. The diagnosis of both disorders must use tools that analyze sleep quality, situations in which drowsiness is expressed and associated symptoms: snoring, hallucinations, cataplexy. In addition, polysomnography can be used to analyze the quality of sleep. Finally, in cases where there is evidence of both diseases simultaneously, it is important to be aware that the therapeutic options are based on the signs and symptoms that weigh more heavily on the therapeutic options. Conclusion: The proper diagnosis of the cause of EDS goes far beyond the return of the patient's quality of life and the guarantee of daily social activities. As a result, when there is a complaint of EDS, the follow-up and clinical analysis must be cautious so that the treatment can adequately identify the disorder that affects the patient and help him/her.

Palavras Chave

Narcolepsy. Obstructive Sleep Apnea. sleep disorders