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Título

CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARKINSON'S DISESE AND COVID-19

Resumo

Introduction: Parkinson`s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting dopaminergic neurons in the susbtantia nigra. Patients can present motor and neuropsychiatric complications, besides sleep disorders and sensory abnormalities. The Braak hypothesis suggest that PD may originate from an external pathogen, whom would enter the body through the nasal cavity or the vagal nerve at the gut. This would help link the neurological complications that followed COVID-19, mainly the worsening of symptoms of PD and your appearance in patients who never had it before. Objective= This work includes evidence of the relationship between apparition of PD and the worsening of its symptoms after COVID-19. Methodology= This study consists of a literature review of articles in English and Portuguese in PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases, published between 2020 and 2022 with the following descriptors: Parkinson`s disease, COVID-19. Results= The studies analysed showed that close to 34% of COVID-19 survivors received a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis in the six months that followed their infection. This occurs because COVID-19 may have a neurodegenerative function, due to cytokine storm, triggering an autoimmune reaction, brain damage and making it more priming to other neurotoxic processes. This also happened in the Spanish-flu pandemic, in which there was a wave of new cases of encephalitis lethargica, while in the COVID-19 pandemic, non-motor symptoms in PD patients were exacerbated or make them appear as an early state of PD in other patients. The two main attack zones of COVID-19 are the nasal cavity and the gut. In the first one, the virus induces neuroinflamtion of the olfactory bulb and reduces neural stem cells, causing anosmia. Meanwhile in the second, the patient may present alteration in the microbiota, causing dysbiosis, dysphasia and constipation. This, as said in the Braak hypothesis, is similar to the clinical presentation of PD, which can explain the link between this two, seeing the COVID-19 as a trigger to future complications and it it’s not being explored in enough studies to make it relevant. Conclusion= It is of utmost importance to bring this group to the fore, producing more evidence of the correlation between PD and COVID-19 by monitoring patients with neurological diseases after. This will allow the medical community to prepare itself for the upcoming of new cases creating a proper conduct and treatment method.

Palavras Chave

Parkinson`s disease, COVID-19, Braak hypothesis