Dados do Trabalho

Título

Epidemiology of cerebrovascular accident in patients without comorbidities: a descriptive analysis

Resumo

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a sudden neurological deficit caused by ischemia or hemorrhage of the central nervous system, with a predominance in females, aged over 50 years, with the middle cerebral artery being the most affected. Among the risk factors, the highest is systemic arterial hypertension. In addition, smoking, accumulation of abdominal fat, a diet rich in fats and carbohydrates, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, and previous vascular events are included. Stroke patients may present with some signs such as aphasia, dizziness, headache with no known cause, decreased or loss of consciousness, nausea or vomiting, and motor deficits. The aim of the study is to analyze the epidemiology of stroke in patients who did not have associated comorbidities. The study consists of a descriptive quantitative analysis of patients treated at the Neurosurgery Service of Hospital Santa Isabel, in Blumenau, Santa Catarina, between the periods of 2016 and 2020. From a group of 27 patients, 7 patients were selected who did not have comorbidities associated with the vascular condition. Of the 7 patients selected, the variables selected for frequency analysis were sex, age, symptoms, stroke characteristics, procedure, and comorbidities (SAH, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, previous stroke, or previous TIA). Of the patients analyzed, 71.4% were female and 28.6% were male, and of these 57.1% were between the 5th and 6th decade of life, 14.3% in the 8th decade of life, 14.3% in the fourth decade of life, and 14.3% in the 2nd decade of life. Regarding the symptoms presented, 71.4% had some motor deficit, 57.1% of the patients had headaches, 57.1% had aphasia, 57.1% had altered level of consciousness, 14.3% had dizziness and 14 had 3% nausea. As for the characteristics of the lesion, 85.6% of the patients had a stroke after endovascular procedures and 14.3% of the patients had a spontaneous stroke. 71.4% of patients had lesions in the middle cerebral artery, 14.3% in the anterior cerebral artery, and 14.3% in the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. Of these injuries, 71.4% occurred on the left side and 28.6% on the right side. In 71.4% of the patients, the mechanism of approach was chemical fibrinolysis and in 28.6% it was mechanical thrombectomy. None of the patients had previous treatment or comorbidities. Thus, it is clear that the patients, even without presenting risk factors, met the epidemiological data that characterize stroke in the literature.

Palavras Chave

Stroke; Epidemiology; Neurology.