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Título

HOSPITALIZATION AND MAIN MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS OF STROKE IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ (BRAZIL): VIGITEL DATA

Resumo

Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of death in Ceará (Brazil) as well has continued with high rates of hospitalization. Since 90% of stroke cases can be avoided by preventing stroke risk factors, understanding the health and risk profile of this population is necessary. Objectives: To describe the rate of hospitalization of stroke and its modifiable risk factors in the state of Ceará (Brazil) between the years 2020 and 2021. Methods: The number of hospitalizations for stroke in the state of Ceará to calculate its incidence rate was provided by the website of DATASUS-tabnet and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In addition, specific data regarding the main modifiable risk factors for stroke (Systemic Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity and overweight) were obtained from the surveillance system of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey (VIGITEL). Results: The incidence rate of hospitalization per 100,000 inhabitants was 76.12 in 2021, a higher number than in 2020 (71.93). In the same period, there was an increase in the frequencies of risk factors for stroke: Systemic Arterial Hypertension [2020 (21.4%); 2021 (22.8%)], Diabetes Mellitus [2020 (7.3%); 2021 (9.0%)], and regular alcohol consumption [2020 (17.6%); 2021 (18.3%)]. Active smoking was the only factor that decreased its frequency, from 7.6% to a total of 7.2% of smokers. Despite this, levels of exercise and quality diet, protective factors for stroke, showed lower values in 2021, with less than half of individuals following the recommended level of adequate physical activity of 150 minutes per week [2020 (45.9 %); 2021 (35.3%)]. Approximately 65.7% of these individuals were totally sedentary. In addition, most of the population keeping overweight or obese [2020 (82.2%); 2021 (82.9%)]. Conclusion: The high number of hospitalizations for stroke, and the incidence of risk factors suggest the need to implement effective actions to control stroke in Ceará. The still elevated numbers of common modifiable risk factors for stroke and the unwanted decline of protective factors prompt the emergence of new public health approaches to stroke prevention.

Palavras Chave

Stroke; Risk Factors; Primary Prevention; Hospitalization