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Título

Mortality from Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Brazil: a ten-year retrospective analysis

Resumo

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a polyradiculoneuropathy of autoimmune etiology, considered the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in the world. This syndrome is characterized by ascending motor and sensory symptoms, also presenting varied clinical forms in part of the patients, such as Miller Fisher syndrome and Bickerstaff encephalitis, whose presentations include cranial nerves involvement, altered coordination, and involvement of the level of consciousness. This study aims to evaluate the mortality from Guillain-Barré Syndrome during the last decade (2011-2020) in Brazil, comparing descriptive variables: region, age group and gender. The analysis was conducted through an epidemiological, retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out with information released by the Mortality Information System (SIM/DATASUS) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). From these data, mortality per 1 million inhabitants of each region per year was calculated and adjusted for the descriptive variables. In the decade analyzed, 1875 deaths from GBS were recorded in Brazil, of which 47.4% occurred in the Southeast region. In 2011, the country had an mortality rate of 0.7 deaths per million inhabitants for this syndrome, with the Southeast region having the highest mortality rate (1), and the North region, the lowest (0.4). In 2020, an average of 1 death per million inhabitants was observed, showing an increase of approximately 40% compared to 2011. At the end of the decade, the Midwest region had the highest mortality rate per million inhabitants (1.6), representing an increase of 149% compared to 2011, while the Northeast region had the lowest rate (0.7), corresponding to an increase of 36% compared to 2011. Regarding age group, people aged over 50 years accounted for 40% of the deaths caused by GBS. Moreover, the average annual number of deaths per million inhabitants was 0.7 for women and 1.14 for men, an average annual difference of 62.8% between the two groups, there was also a difference of 56.5% between the number of deaths accumulated by each of the genders in this period. In conclusion, this study provided a better understanding about the mortality of the Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Brazil, showing particularities in the profile of patients and the heterogeneity of mortality rates among different regions. However, it was not possible to identify complete data about the incidence of GBS, limiting the scope of the study.

Palavras Chave

Guillain-Barré Syndrome; Mortality; Epidemiology; Neurology