Dados do Trabalho

Título

Neurobiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Resumo

Neurobiology in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Introduction - autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder of the neurodevelopment associated with communication deficits and repetitive behavior characterized by a large and atypical variation in the connectivity of cortical and subcortical brain ligation.
Objective - Study the neurobiological changes found in the patients with ASD in childhood and adolescence through reports in the literature.
Method- Systematic review of the literature on the neurobiological aspects of ASD. Pubmed was used as a database, with descriptors such as neurobiology, autism, genetics, neurochemistry, neurotransmitters, magnetic resonance imaging, neurophysiology. The inclusion criteria were bibliographic materials available in English and Portuguese.
Findings: It were identified 649 article with the use of keyword listed above. After the initial analysis , the articles were selected. One of the articles studied 662 patients showing that differene areas of the brain have increased cortical thickness, with the region being the most affect upper temporal gyre. The second most affected area would be the middle occipital gyre. One study demonstrated increased connectivity in the sensitive thalamic area. Other text claims that the increase on cortical thickness may be related to the severity of the clinic of the case. Pathological changes are more frequent in non-treated, suggestion that treatment in childhood has a beneficial effect on the brain development. The treated individuals may present reversal of the changes showing gains in brain fuction.
Conclusion- Neurobiological changes, especially structural anatomical changes reported in most of eht reviewed articles,done in studies with a large number of patients and in different muldisciplinary centers, point out lines of research and study for our environment. The need for early treatment/rehabilitation was highlighted, since there is evidence in the literature of good results, including reversal of anatomical changes, which otherwise consolidate in adulthood