Dados do Trabalho

Título

PROFILE OF MORTALITY FROM LEUKEMIAS IN BRAZIL IN THE PERIOD OF 2015 TO 2019

Introdução

Leukemias are neoplastic diseases that affect the hematopoietic system, resulting from an unregulated proliferation of a cell clone with alterations in the differentiation and apoptosis mechanisms, which end up replacing normal blood cells, generating malignancy. There are different types of leukemia and practically all types have prognostic factors that are determined by cytogenetics; more specifically, by acquired mutations that, once detected, make it possible to define the appropriate treatment for a given patient. The leukemia subtypes most common are classified as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Objetivo

This study aims to evaluate and characterize the deaths of patients affected by leukemia in Brazil, in the period from 2015 to 2019.

Método

The data was obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Mortality Information System (SIM). The variables analyzed were race/color (white, brown, black, yellow, indigenous), marital status (single, married, legally separated, widowed), total number of deaths during the period (2015-2019) and year of occurrence.

Resultado

During the period from 2015 to 2019, the occurrence of 35,724 deaths in Brazil from leukemia was detected. The variation in the number of deaths between 2015 and 2019 is remarkable, with the highest percentage, 20.9%, being shown in 2019. Regarding race, most of those affected were white, corresponding to 58.4% of the records, followed by browns, present in 31.7% of the death certificates. Furthermore, black individuals account for 5.5% of deaths. Regarding the sex of affected patients, when compared, there is a difference of 9%, with a greater tendency for males. According to the age, most patients are in their 70s, representing 19.7% of the total. In addition, with regard to the marital status of patients at the time of death, 25.9% were single, 39.4% married, 16.2% widowed and 5.9% separated.

Conclusão

Based on the findings, it is very important to adopt measures for early diagnosis. Added to this, it is evident from the study similar characteristics of the affected patients, such as increasing age, white race and male gender, the data confirms those observed in the literature. From this, as a future perspective, new scientific studies may leverage screening programs that will allow for early detection, providing an increase in the life perspective of patients after diagnosis and a reduction in the number of deaths.

Palavras-chave

Epidemiology; Leukemia; Public health.