Dados do Trabalho

Título

Food Allergy Prevalence and Socioeconomic Influences in Children Under 12 in Maceió-AL, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Resumo

Introduction: The significance of food allergies (FA) in children and the impact of socioeconomic factors on FA are understudied in Brazil and Latin America. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of FA and the influence of the Human Development Index (HDI) on FA in children under 12 years in Maceió-AL, Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a parent-reported questionnaire on FA, demographics, and socioeconomic factors. The survey was administered from February to July 2024 at CESMAC, Maceió waterfront, Comunidade Espírita Nosso Lar, and online via WhatsApp and QR codes. Data were analyzed using Jamovi, with significance determined by p-value and results confirmed via chi-square test. Results: Of 225 respondents, 65 reported FA in their children. A significant positive relationship was found between family income, parental education, and reported FA (p<0.001 and p=0.04, respectively). Family history of FA (p=0.061), exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months (p=0.905), complete vaccination status (p=0.983), and place of residence (p=0.828) showed no statistical significance. Only 32.1% of reported FAs were diagnosed by a physician (p<0.01). The most common FAs were eggs (33.8%), cow's milk protein-CMPA (29.2%), and food colorings (20%). Multiple allergies were reported in 19 cases (29.2%).Conclusion: No direct association was found between regional HDI and FA development. However, parental education and income were associated with FA. The prevalence of reported food coloring allergies suggests a lack of awareness about FA in Alagoas. Lactose intolerance was frequently misidentified as a FA, indicating a misunderstanding of FA and its immunological mechanisms. The findings highlight the need for increased health education and awareness initiatives on FA in children under 12 in Maceió.