Dados do Trabalho

Título

THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER ON OXIDATIVE STRESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Introdução

It has been suggested that improper use of licit/illicit substances causes organism damage due increased oxidative stress levels. However, the enzymes involved with and the underlying mechanisms associated with oxidative stress and substance use disorder are not completely known.

Objetivo

Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature we aimed to investigate potential alterations in oxidative stress markers due to substance use disorder. Moreover, we sought to analyze the effects of covariates on the heterogeneity of meta-analysis estimates, including drug of preference, lifetime of drug abuse, time of assessment (using or abstinence) and additional clinical factors

Método

The search was performed in three online databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. A random effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione) and oxidant (malondialdehyde) enzymes levels in people with substance use disorder vs. healthy controls within a 95% confidence interval (CI). To explore sources of heterogeneity meta-regression models were implemented.

Resultados

Seventy studies were included, of which data have already been extracted for 41,42%. Preliminary analyses with a combined sample of 2120 people with substance use disorder and 1760 healthy controls showed a significant lower glutathione peroxidase (SMD = -1.2312; 95% CI= -2.2686, - 0.1937; p = 0.02) and superoxide dismutase (SMD = - 4.2404; 95% CI: -7.2118, -1.2691; p = 0.0052) levels and higher malondialdehyde levels (SMD= 1.3234; 95% CI= 0.5604, 2.0865; p= 0.0007) in people with substance use disorder compared to healthy controls. No significant difference was observed in catalase and glutathione levels. Meta-regression models revealed drug preference for alcohol as a significant moderator of heterogeneity for meta-analysis (p = 0.0004). No significant associations were found for evaluation time (using or abstinence) and other drugs preference (amphetamine, nicotine and opioid).

Conclusão

Our findings suggest that substance use disorder induces a status of oxidative stress. Specifically, there was a decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels, such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and an increase in malondialdehyde levels, an oxidant enzyme. Moreover, we found that preference for alcohol had the largest effects on estimates, indicating important differences between substances regarding oxidative stress status.

Palavras-chave

substance use disorder, oxidative stress

Área

Dependência Química, Jogo e outras Compulsões